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Why Current Leads Voltage By 90 Degree In Capacitor
Why Current Leads Voltage By 90 Degree In Capacitor. That means the voltage is a cosine and thus, in ac analysis the voltage and current are displaced by 90 degrees. In a capacitor, the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees, or to put it the other way, the voltage lags the current by 90 degrees.

This shall explain why the phase shift should be 90 between the the current and voltage waveform. The current lags the voltage by 90 degrees in an inductor, and leads it by 90 degrees in a capacitor. Inductors don't like rapidly changing things, but capacitors do, so the capacitor is the one that reacts the most.
We Know, \(I = C\Frac{{Dv}}{{Dt}}\)
So capacitor current leads (or lags, it is the same) inductor current by 180 degrees. The phase angle in a resistor is of course zero. The phase difference is = 90 degrees.it is customary to use the angle by which the voltage leads the current.
So When Voltage Is At 0 Degrees, Current Will Be At 90 Degrees, Or Leading.
For real inductors and capacitors, their internal resistance does dissipate some electrical energy as heat, and the phase angle is not exactly 90 degrees. Resistance current is in phase with voltage. In a capacitor, current leads voltage, and in an inductor, current lags voltage.
This Transport Of Charge Is The Current, I = Dq/Dt, Q = Charge.
In a capacitor, the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees, or to put it the other way, the voltage lags the current by 90 degrees. The current flows at a max, then the voltage rises: In short, in a circuit where voltage or current leading or lagging 90° (phase difference = 90°) behind each other, the positive cycle cancel the negative which leads to the zero average power of the circuit i.e.
Once The Sine Wave Is Established, You Will See That There Is A 90 Degree Phase Shift Between The Voltage And Current, Voltage Lagging The Current Or You Can Also Say.
This shall explain why the phase shift should be 90 between the the current and voltage waveform. We have similar situations with coil. And that is why we say that capacitor voltage lags capacitor current by 90.
Let, V = V M Sin Ωt.
It is the basic property of these components like which can be seen from their equations v =l(di/dt) and v=idt/c as we apply voltage to inductor it opposes change in current because change in current induce emf in coil/inductor so voltage appears first and then current and because its resistive component is negligible that is why the phase difference is 90. That means the voltage is a cosine and thus, in ac analysis the voltage and current are displaced by 90 degrees. The voltage of the capacitor will rise up to the level of the battery voltage due to the charging current from the battery and the current will stop flowing to capacitor because there is no voltage different.
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